GU Cancer clinical trials
139 GU Cancer trials (Medical Oncology and Radiation Oncology) summarized for clinical practice and board review, newest first within each disease. Each summary covers design, results, toxicity and what changed in practice.
Jump to: Prostate - advanced · Prostate · RCC - advanced · Bladder - advanced · Bladder - perioperative · Bladder · RCC - perioperative · Prostate - early stage · Active Surveillance · Seminoma / GCT · Adjuvant Carboplatin · Chemotherapy
Prostate - advanced (34)
- ENZAMET 8-year outcomes (ANZUP 1304) Ann Oncol 2026At 8.1 years of follow-up, adding enzalutamide to testosterone suppression continues to deliver a substantial and durable overall survival advantage over a...
- PSMAddition trial Lancet 2026Adding 177 Lu-PSMA-617 to ADT + ARPI significantly prolonged rPFS in PSMA-positive metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer - the first phase 3 win for PSMA...
- TALAPRO-3 N Engl J Med 2026Adding talazoparib to enzalutamide reduced the risk of radiographic progression or death by 52% (HR 0.48) in HRR-altered metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer...
- PSMAfore Lancet 2024Lu-PSMA-617 significantly improved rPFS versus ARPI switch in taxane-naïve, post-ARPI, PSMA-positive mCRPC with a large effect size (HR 0.41). This trial established...
- MAGNITUDE JCO 2023Niraparib + abiraterone significantly improved rPFS in BRCA1/2-mutated first-line mCRPC, with benefit also seen in the broader HRRm subgroup. No benefit was...
- PROpel Lancet Oncol 2023Olaparib + abiraterone improved rPFS versus abiraterone alone in all-comer first-line mCRPC; however, OS did not reach statistical significance (HR 0.81, P=.054)...
- TALAPRO-2 Lancet 2023Talazoparib + enzalutamide significantly improved rPFS in first-line all-comer mCRPC, with substantially greater benefit in HRR-mutated patients. The combination...
- TRITON3 trial, Rucaparib mCRPC: TRITON3 2023Rucaparib significantly prolonged imaging-based PFS vs physician's choice in BRCA-altered mCRPC after ARPI; benefit was driven by the BRCA subgroup, with no clear...
- ARASENS trial, Docetaxel+ADT +/- Darolutamide NEJM 2022Adding darolutamide to ADT + docetaxel significantly prolonged OS in mHSPC without increasing overall toxicity, establishing triplet therapy as a standard option for...
- ARCHES JCO 2022Enzalutamide added to ADT significantly improved rPFS and OS in mHSPC, including in both high-volume and low-volume disease subgroups and in prior-docetaxel and...
- PEACE-1 Lancet 2022Adding abiraterone to docetaxel + ADT (triplet therapy) significantly improved both rPFS and OS in de novo high-volume mCSPC, establishing triplet therapy as the most...
- TheraP Trial Lancet 2021177Lu-PSMA-617 produced higher PSA response, fewer grade 3-4 adverse events, and improved patient-reported outcomes versus cabazitaxel in men with mCRPC progressing...
- Vision Trial NEJM 2021177Lu-PSMA-617 added to standard of care significantly prolonged radiographic PFS and overall survival in heavily pretreated PSMA-positive mCRPC.
- ARAMIS NEJM 2020Darolutamide significantly prolonged MFS and OS in nmCRPC with an exceptionally favorable toxicity profile, with grade ≥3 AE rates approaching placebo. The unique...
- Hero Trial NEJM 2020Oral relugolix achieved superior, more rapid sustained testosterone suppression with faster recovery than leuprolide and roughly halved major cardiovascular events...
- PROfound NEJM 2020Olaparib significantly prolonged rPFS and OS in BRCA1/2- or ATM-mutated mCRPC after ARPI progression, establishing HRR-mutation testing as essential in mCRPC and...
- CARD NEJM 2019Cabazitaxel significantly improved rPFS and OS compared to sequential ARPI switch in patients with mCRPC who had progressed on prior docetaxel AND abiraterone or...
- Enzamet Trial NEJM 2019Enzalutamide improved OS and PSA progression-free survival versus a standard non-steroidal antiandrogen in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
- Titan Trial NEJM 2019Apalutamide + ADT significantly improved OS and radiographic PFS versus ADT alone across high- and low-volume metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer, without...
- PROSPER NEJM 2018Enzalutamide significantly prolonged MFS and OS versus placebo in nmCRPC with rapid PSA kinetics, with an HR of 0.29 for MFS representing one of the largest treatment...
- SPARTAN NEJM 2018Apalutamide significantly prolonged MFS and OS versus placebo in nmCRPC, achieving one of the largest MFS effects reported in prostate cancer (HR 0.28). The trial is...
- STAMPEDE-RT Lancet 2018Prostate radiotherapy added to systemic therapy did not improve FFS in the overall M1 population, but demonstrated significant FFS and OS benefit in patients with low...
- Latitude Trial NEJM 2017Abiraterone + prednisone added to ADT significantly improved OS and radiographic PFS in newly diagnosed, high-risk metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer...
- STAMPEDE-abi NEJM 2017Adding abiraterone + prednisolone to standard ADT significantly improved OS and FFS in newly diagnosed high-risk HSPC across M0 and M1 subgroups, establishing...
- STAMPEDE-doce Lancet 2016Adding 6 cycles of docetaxel to ADT improved OS in newly diagnosed mHSPC, with the benefit concentrated in high-volume/M1 disease. This was the first European...
- CHAARTED trial (docetaxel) NEJM 2015Adding docetaxel to ADT significantly prolonged overall survival in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer, with the greatest benefit observed in high-volume...
- Prevail Trial NEJM 2014Enzalutamide + ADT improved OS and radiographic PFS, delayed need for chemotherapy, and preserved quality of life in chemotherapy-naive, minimally symptomatic mCRPC...
- ALSYMPCA NEJM 2013Radium-223 prolonged OS and delayed symptomatic skeletal events in symptomatic bone-met mCRPC with low toxicity; first bone-targeted alpha emitter to extend survival.
- COU-AA-302 NEJM 2013Abiraterone acetate significantly prolonged rPFS and OS in chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC, establishing abiraterone as an effective pre-chemotherapy option and extending...
- Affirm Trial NEJM 2012Enzalutamide significantly prolonged overall survival and improved PSA response, quality of life, time to PSA progression, soft-tissue response, and radiographic PFS...
- Intermittent Androgen suppression NEJM 2012In men with PSA relapse after radiotherapy, intermittent ADT was non-inferior to continuous ADT for overall survival and offered improved quality of life with less...
- COU-AA-301 NEJM 2011Abiraterone acetate + prednisone significantly prolonged OS by 3.9 months and improved all secondary endpoints in post-docetaxel mCRPC, establishing abiraterone as...
- Docetaxel and Estramustine vs Mitoxantrone NEJM 2004Docetaxel + estramustine modestly improved overall survival versus mitoxantrone + prednisone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, at the cost of...
- TAX 327 NEJM 2004Three-weekly docetaxel + prednisone significantly prolonged OS versus mitoxantrone + prednisone in mCRPC, establishing docetaxel as the first chemotherapy agent to...
Prostate (29)
- GETUG AFU 18 trial Lancet Oncol 2026In high-risk prostate cancer treated with long-term ADT, escalating EBRT from 70 to 80 Gy improved long-term PFS (10-yr 83.6% vs 72.2%, HR 0.56) without added grade...
- NRG-GU005 JAMA 2026Five-fraction SBRT at 36.25 Gy did not improve disease-free survival over moderately hypofractionated IMRT in intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer, and the DFS...
- Salvage hypofractionated RT (post-prostatectomy BCR) JCO 2026Hypofractionated accelerated salvage radiotherapy was not superior to conventional fractionation for 4-year bPFS but produced comparable oncologic and quality-of-life...
- RADICALS-HD Lancet 2024Long-term ADT (24 months) significantly improved 10-year MFS compared to short-term ADT (6 months) when combined with postoperative RT, supporting prolonged hormone...
- SPPORT (RTOG 0534) Lancet 2022Both the addition of short-term ADT to PBRT and further addition of pelvic lymph node irradiation to PBRT + ADT significantly improved freedom from progression and...
- RADICALS-RT Lancet 2020Adjuvant RT did not improve metastasis-free survival compared with early salvage RT in post-RP prostate cancer, while causing greater short-term urinary toxicity....
- TROG 03.04 RADAR Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020Extended ADT (18 months vs 6 months) did not significantly improve prostate cancer-specific mortality in the overall population at 10 years, but demonstrated...
- Wilkins CHHiP Dose Constraints Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020Dosimetric constraints derived from the CHHiP trial provide a validated framework for OAR sparing in moderately hypofractionated prostate RT, applicable to both 60...
- GETUG-AFU 16 Lancet Oncol 2019Addition of 6 months of goserelin to salvage radiotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival and metastasis-free survival compared with salvage RT alone...
- HYPO-RT-PC Lancet 2019Ultra-hypofractionated SBRT (42.7 Gy/7 fx) is non-inferior to conventional fractionation (78 Gy/39 fx) for failure-free survival in intermediate-to-high-risk prostate...
- Jackson SBRT Meta-Analysis Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019SBRT for localized prostate cancer achieves 5-year bFFS comparable to historical dose-escalated IMRT (70-80 Gy) and brachytherapy, with low severe late toxicity....
- PACE-B Lancet Oncol 2019SBRT (36.25 Gy/5 fx) did not increase acute GI or GU toxicity compared with standard-of-care radiotherapy for low-to-intermediate-risk prostate cancer. This contrasts...
- RAVES Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019Adjuvant radiotherapy and early salvage radiotherapy produced equivalent event-free survival outcomes in men with high-risk pathological features after radical...
- RTOG 9413 Long-Term Follow-Up Lancet Oncol 2018At 20 years, no arm showed a significant PFS or OS advantage, consistent with the 7-year Horwitz update. The early 4-year WPRT + N/C ADT benefit did not translate...
- ASCENDE-RT Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017LDR brachytherapy boost achieves markedly superior biochemical control compared with dose-escalated EBRT (78 Gy) for intermediate/high-risk prostate cancer, with a...
- RTOG 9601 N Engl J Med 2017Addition of 24 months of bicalutamide to salvage radiotherapy significantly improved long-term overall survival and reduced prostate cancer-specific mortality and...
- CHHiP Lancet Oncol 2016Moderate hypofractionation (60 Gy/20 fx) is non-inferior to conventional fractionation (74 Gy/37 fx) for biochemical control with equivalent late toxicity. The 57...
- ProtecT N Engl J Med 2016All three management strategies produce equivalently low prostate cancer mortality at 10 years for PSA-detected localized prostate cancer. However, active monitoring...
- German ARO 96-02 Eur Urol 2014Adjuvant radiotherapy reduced the risk of biochemical or clinical progression by approximately half (HR ~0.51) in pT3 prostate cancer at 10-year follow-up, with an...
- AUA/ASTRO Adjuvant/Salvage RT Guidelines J Urol 2013Both adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy have roles in post-prostatectomy management. Adjuvant RT is supported by three randomized trials for pT3N0 disease; salvage RT...
- EORTC 22911 Lancet 2012Immediate postoperative radiotherapy significantly improved biochemical progression-free survival and local control compared with wait-and-see at 10.6-year median...
- RTOG 94-08 N Engl J Med 2011Short-term (4-month) ADT added to radiotherapy significantly improves overall survival and disease-specific mortality in patients with localized prostate cancer with...
- EORTC 22863 Lancet Oncol 2010Three-year ADT (goserelin) in combination with radiotherapy dramatically improves disease-free survival, overall survival, and disease-specific survival in patients...
- SWOG 8794 J Urol 2009Adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for pT3N0M0 prostate cancer significantly reduced the risk of metastasis and improved overall survival at long-term...
- D'Amico Short-Course ADT JAMA 2008Six months of androgen-deprivation therapy added to RT significantly improves overall survival and prostate cancer-specific mortality in intermediate-to-high-risk...
- Johns Hopkins Salvage RT Retrospective (Trock) JAMA 2008Salvage radiotherapy (with or without hormonal therapy) was associated with a significantly reduced risk of prostate cancer-specific death compared with observation...
- MD Anderson Dose Escalation Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008Dose escalation from 70 Gy to 78 Gy significantly improves 8-year biochemical failure-free survival in prostate cancer, with the greatest benefit in high-risk...
- RTOG 9413 J Clin Oncol 2008The initial 4-year PFS advantage of WPRT + neoadjuvant/concurrent ADT was not sustained at 7 years (no significant between-arm difference). ADT timing showed a trend...
- Multi-Institutional Salvage RT (Stephenson) JCO 2007Salvage radiotherapy can achieve long-term disease control in a subset of men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy, particularly when initiated at...
RCC - advanced (26)
- LITESPARK-011 trial Lancet 2026Belzutifan plus lenvatinib significantly prolonged PFS and improved ORR and duration of response over cabozantinib, an active contemporary TKI, in post-immunotherapy...
- LITESPARK-022 Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 2026Adding belzutifan to adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved disease-free survival in resected high-risk ccRCC, supporting HIF-2α inhibition as a complementary...
- LITESPARK-005 NEJM 2024Belzutifan significantly improved PFS versus everolimus in previously treated ccRCC, with a notably higher ORR (22.7% vs 3.5%) and more durable responses. OS did not...
- CONTACT-03 Lancet 2023Adding atezolizumab to cabozantinib did not improve PFS or OS versus cabozantinib alone in patients with RCC who had progressed on prior immune checkpoint inhibitor...
- KEYNOTE-B61 Lancet Oncol 2023Pembrolizumab + lenvatinib demonstrated clinically meaningful efficacy with ORR ~49% and median PFS ~18 months in first-line non-clear cell RCC, establishing this...
- Checkmate 9ER trial NEJM 2021Nivolumab plus cabozantinib significantly improved PFS, OS, and ORR versus sunitinib across all IMDC risk groups in first-line advanced clear-cell RCC.
- CLEAR trial NEJM 2021First-line lenvatinib + pembrolizumab significantly improved PFS, OS, and ORR versus sunitinib in advanced RCC; lenvatinib + everolimus improved PFS but not OS.
- LITESPARK-004 NEJM 2021Belzutifan produced a 49% ORR in VHL-associated ccRCC and broad multi-tumor activity across pNETs (77%) and CNS/retinal hemangioblastomas (30-100%), establishing...
- PAPMET Lancet 2021Cabozantinib significantly improved PFS over sunitinib in advanced papillary RCC, establishing cabozantinib as the preferred VEGF-TKI in this non-clear cell...
- CheckMate 214 trial ESMO Open 2020Nivolumab plus ipilimumab significantly improved OS, PFS, and ORR versus sunitinib in IMDC intermediate/poor-risk metastatic clear-cell RCC, with durable benefit. No...
- JAVELIN Renal 101 trial Ann Oncol 2020First-line avelumab + axitinib improved PFS across all IMDC risk groups versus sunitinib in advanced RCC.
- KEYNOTE-426 trial Lancet Oncol 2020Pembrolizumab plus axitinib significantly improved OS, PFS, and ORR versus sunitinib across all IMDC risk groups in the ITT population, with the OS benefit driven by...
- TIVO-3 Lancet Oncol 2020Tivozanib significantly improved PFS and ORR versus sorafenib in heavily pretreated RCC, with a more favorable tolerability profile particularly for hand-foot skin...
- IMmotion151 trial Lancet 2019First-line atezolizumab + bevacizumab improved PFS in PD-L1-positive treatment-na ve metastatic RCC, with a favorable safety profile.
- CABOSUN trial JCO 2017First-line cabozantinib improved PFS and ORR versus sunitinib in intermediate/poor-risk metastatic RCC; the OS difference was not statistically significant.
- METEOR trial Lancet Oncol 2016Cabozantinib was superior to everolimus in PFS, OS, and ORR in previously treated metastatic RCC.
- Surveillance in m-RCC Lancet onc 2016Active surveillance is a viable initial strategy in select patients with asymptomatic, favorable-risk clear cell m-RCC, deferring therapy with no toxicity and...
- CheckMate 025 trial NEJM 2015Nivolumab significantly improved OS with a more favorable toxicity profile versus everolimus in previously treated advanced clear-cell RCC.
- Lenvatinib trial Lancet Oncol 2015Lenvatinib + everolimus improved PFS versus everolimus alone in metastatic RCC after VEGF-targeted therapy. (Lenvatinib inhibits VEGFR 1/2/3, FGFR 1-4, PDGFR-alpha...
- Axitinib dose titration Lancet Onc 2013Axitinib dose titration in selected patients tolerating the starting dose improved ORR, supporting individualized dosing.
- COMPARZ Trial, pazopanib vs sunitinib NEJM 2013Pazopanib was non-inferior to sunitinib for PFS and OS in first-line metastatic clear-cell RCC, with a more favorable safety and quality-of-life profile.
- EXIST-2 trial Lancet 2013Everolimus produced significant angiomyolipoma volume reduction versus placebo in tuberous sclerosis complex or lymphangioleiomyomatosis-associated disease.
- AXIS trial Lancet 2011Axitinib improved PFS versus sorafenib in the second-line setting for metastatic RCC, without an OS benefit.
- IMDC analysis JCO 2009Six independent factors define the IMDC (Heng) prognostic model, stratifying metastatic RCC into favorable, intermediate, and poor risk groups now standard for...
- Sunitinib versus INF-alfa NEJM 2007Sunitinib markedly improved PFS, ORR, and quality of life versus interferon-alfa, establishing it as a first-line standard for metastatic clear-cell RCC.
- Temsirolimus vs INF-alfa trial NEJM 2007Single-agent temsirolimus improved OS versus interferon-alfa in poor-risk metastatic RCC; the combination conferred no survival benefit and added toxicity.
Bladder - advanced (15)
- EV-302/KEYNOTE-A39 NEJM 2024Enfortumab vedotin + pembrolizumab demonstrated unprecedented efficacy versus platinum-based chemotherapy in first-line mUC, roughly doubling OS (31.5 vs 16.1 months)...
- CheckMate 901 NEJM 2023Nivolumab + cisplatin/gemcitabine significantly improved OS and PFS versus chemotherapy alone in cisplatin-eligible first-line mUC, establishing a chemo-IO...
- THOR NEJM 2023Erdafitinib significantly improved OS versus chemotherapy in FGFR2/3-altered mUC after prior platinum + IO therapy, despite not meeting the PFS primary endpoint (OS...
- EV 301 trial (Enfortumab Vedotin) NEJM 2021Enfortumab vedotin significantly prolonged overall and progression-free survival versus chemotherapy in urothelial carcinoma previously treated with platinum and a...
- KEYNOTE-057 Lancet Oncol 2021Pembrolizumab achieved a 41% CR rate in BCG-unresponsive CIS NMIBC in patients who could not or would not undergo cystectomy, with approximately half of responders...
- TROPHY-U-01 JCO 2021Sacituzumab govitecan demonstrated clinically meaningful activity with ORR ~27% in heavily pretreated post-platinum and post-IO mUC, establishing Trop-2 as a...
- JAVELIN Bladder 100 Trial NEJM 2020Maintenance avelumab significantly prolonged overall survival in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who had not progressed on first-line platinum-based...
- Keynote 052 JCO 2020First-line pembrolizumab produced durable responses in cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial carcinoma, with greatest benefit in high PD-L1 expressers and...
- Erdafitinib trial NEJM 2019Erdafitinib produced a high response rate in FGFR-altered locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, including in patients with prior immunotherapy.
- Checkmate 275 Lancet 2017Nivolumab produced durable responses across PD-L1 subgroups with a manageable safety profile in previously treated metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma.
- IMvigor210, Atezo in cis-ineligble Lancet 2017First-line atezolizumab produced a 23% ORR (10% CR) with durable responses in cisplatin-ineligible advanced urothelial carcinoma, with a trend toward better response...
- Keynote 045 NEJM 2017Pembrolizumab significantly prolonged overall survival with fewer high-grade adverse events than chemotherapy as second-line therapy for platinum-refractory advanced...
- BC2001 trial, RT w/wo chemo NEJM 2012Synchronous 5-FU/mitomycin C with RT improves locoregional control of muscle-invasive bladder cancer vs RT alone, without significant increase in serious toxicity....
- HD-MVAC vs classic MVAC in advanced urothelial tract tumors JCO 2001Dose-dense MVAC with G-CSF did not significantly prolong OS but improved CR rate and PFS with less neutropenic fever and mucositis than classic MVAC, supporting...
- GemCis vs MVAC in advanced Bladder Ca JCO 2000GC achieved similar survival, response, and DOR as MVAC in advanced urothelial carcinoma with a markedly better tolerability profile (less febrile neutropenia...
Bladder - perioperative (9)
- Adjuvant Radiotherapy in MIBC (phase III) J Clin Oncol 2026Adjuvant pelvic IMRT after radical cystectomy and perioperative chemotherapy significantly improved 2-year locoregional control (primary endpoint met; HR 0.43) in...
- JCOG1403 Lancet Oncol 2026A single, early postoperative intravesical pirarubicin instillation significantly improved relapse-free survival after radical nephroureterectomy for UTUC (HR 0.67)...
- KEYNOTE-B15/EV-304 N Engl J Med 2026Perioperative enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab significantly improved EFS, OS, and pCR versus neoadjuvant cisplatin-gemcitabine in cisplatin-eligible MIBC...
- POTOMAC Lancet 2025Durvalumab added to BCG induction and maintenance significantly improved disease-free survival in BCG-naive high-risk NMIBC, a 32% reduction in recurrence or death...
- AMBASSADOR NEJM 2025Adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved DFS after radical cystectomy in high-risk MIBC, with benefit observed across PD-L1 subgroups. OS was not significantly...
- NIAGARA NEJM 2024Perioperative durvalumab added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved EFS and OS in cisplatin-eligible MIBC, with increased pCR rates and benefit observed...
- VESPER trial, Perioperative dd-MVAC vs GemCis in MIBC JCO 2022VESPER did not meet its ITT primary endpoint, but neoadjuvant dd-MVAC improved local control and 3yr PFS in the NAC subgroup vs GC, at the cost of more grade ≥3...
- Checkmate 274, adj nivo NEJM 2021Adjuvant nivolumab significantly improved DFS and RFS vs placebo in resected high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, with greater benefit in PD-L1 ≥1% tumors.
- Neoadjuvant MVAC NEJM 2003Neoadjuvant M-VAC before cystectomy improved overall survival and increased the rate of pathologic complete response versus cystectomy alone in muscle-invasive...
Bladder (8)
- BOND-003 Cohort C Lancet Oncol 2026Intravesical cretostimogene produced a centrally confirmed any-time complete response in 75% of patients with high-risk BCG-unresponsive NMIBC with carcinoma in situ...
- Adjuvant CRT vs RT After Cystectomy (Zaghloul) JAMA Surg 2018Adding concurrent weekly cisplatin to adjuvant radiotherapy after radical cystectomy for locally advanced bladder cancer significantly improved locoregional...
- RTOG Pooled Bladder-Preserving Analysis (Mak) JCO 2014Pooled RTOG data confirm that long-term OS and disease-specific survival with bladder-preserving TMT are comparable to published radical cystectomy series. Complete...
- BC-2001 NEJM 2012The addition of synchronous 5-FU/mitomycin C to radiotherapy significantly improved locoregional control in muscle-invasive bladder cancer compared with radiotherapy...
- ICUD-EAU Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Guidelines (Gakis) Eur Urol 2012RC remains the gold standard for MIBC, but bladder preservation is a valid alternative in selected patients (solitary lesion, complete TURBT possible, no...
- MGH Bladder Preservation Long-Term Outcomes (Efstathiou) Eur Urol 2012Long-term outcomes with TMT at MGH demonstrate 5-year OS comparable to radical cystectomy series, with approximately half of patients retaining their native bladder...
- Two Trimodality Techniques Bladder Preservation (Zapatero) Urology 2012Adding concurrent cisplatin to radiotherapy improved complete response rates and bladder preservation compared with RT alone in this small Spanish series, consistent...
- Bladder Preservation Late Toxicity (Efstathiou) JCO 2009Bladder-preserving trimodality therapy is associated with low rates of late severe GU and GI toxicity in long-term survivors, with preserved bladder function in the...
RCC - perioperative (7)
- KEYNOTE-564 Ann Oncol 2026At 5 years, adjuvant pembrolizumab maintained significant, clinically meaningful improvements in both DFS (HR 0.71) and OS (HR 0.66) versus placebo, with no new...
- LITESPARK-022 trial N Engl J Med 2026Adding belzutifan to adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved disease-free survival in high-risk resected clear-cell RCC, at the cost of substantially more grade...
- *KEYNOTE-564 trial ASCO 2021Adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved DFS versus placebo in intermediate-high/high-risk or M1 NED clear-cell RCC after nephrectomy.
- CheckMate 914: adj ipi/nivo 2021Adjuvant nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not improve DFS versus placebo in resected high-risk clear-cell RCC.
- PROTECT trial Eur Urol 2021Adjuvant pazopanib did not improve DFS (primary 600mg cohort) or OS versus placebo in high-risk resected clear-cell RCC.
- ASSURE trial (ECOG-ACRIN E2805) Lancet 2016Adjuvant VEGFR TKIs (sunitinib or sorafenib) did not improve DFS or OS versus placebo in resected high-risk RCC.
- S-TRAC trial NEJM 2016Adjuvant sunitinib x1yr significantly prolonged DFS versus placebo in high-risk locoregional clear-cell RCC.
Prostate - early stage (5)
- CAN-2409 trial Lancet Oncol 2026Adding the off-the-shelf gene-therapy aglatimagene besadenovec plus valacyclovir to standard radiotherapy significantly prolonged disease-free survival in localized...
- PROTEUS trial NEJM 2026Perioperative ADT+apalutamide around radical prostatectomy significantly improved pathological response and metastasis-free survival vs ADT alone in high-risk...
- ERSPC 23-Year Follow-up New England Journal of Medicine 2025After 23 years, PSA screening sustains a 13% prostate cancer mortality reduction with an improving harm-benefit ratio (NNI falling to 456). Screening prevents...
- EMBARK NEJM 2023Enzalutamide combined with leuprolide significantly prolonged MFS versus leuprolide alone in high-risk BCR prostate cancer, with enzalutamide monotherapy also...
- ENACT Trial, enza vs active surveillance 2022Enzalutamide reduced short-term progression in low/intermediate-risk prostate cancer on active surveillance, but the 1-year benefit was not durable at 2 years, with a...
Active Surveillance (2)
- British Columbia Active Surveillance (Seminoma) JCO 2015Active surveillance for stage I testicular GCTs yields excellent cancer-specific survival (>99%), comparable to adjuvant approaches, while sparing most patients any...
- Klotz Active Surveillance J Clin Oncol 2015Active surveillance is safe for favorable-risk prostate cancer, with 15-year cause-specific survival of 97.2% and low metastatic progression (2.8%); about 38% remain...
Seminoma / GCT (2)
- MRC TE18/EORTC 30942 (Seminoma) JCO 2005Para-aortic field radiotherapy is non-inferior to dog-leg irradiation for stage I seminoma and is associated with less acute GI toxicity and better preservation of...
- German Stage I Seminoma Dose Study (Classen) JCO 2003Reduced-dose 26 Gy para-aortic RT maintains equivalent relapse control compared with 30 Gy for stage I seminoma, with lower acute GI toxicity. These results support...
Adjuvant Carboplatin (1)
- MRC TE19/EORTC 30982 (Seminoma) JCO 2011Single-dose carboplatin is non-inferior to radiotherapy for stage I seminoma relapse-free survival and is associated with significantly fewer metachronous...
Chemotherapy (1)
- BEP for Stage II Seminoma (Garcia-del-Muro) JCO 2008Primary BEP ×3 (or EP ×4) achieves high progression-free survival in stage IIA/IIB seminoma, providing an effective alternative to radiotherapy that avoids radiation...