Study aid only. Verify against current guidelines, primary literature, staging manuals, and prescribing information before clinical use.

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Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) — Treatment

First-line Second-line SECOND-LINE Non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer Ta · T1 · CIS Low risk Intermediate risk High risk BCG-unresponsive CIS After TURBT Single peri-op intravesical chemo Adjuvant Intravesical chemo or BCG induction Standard BCG induction + maintenance ≥1 year Bladder-sparing Pembrolizumab KEYNOTE-057 ↗ Gene therapy Nadofaragene firadenovec intravesical Definitive Radical cystectomy preferred if fit